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Three Approaches to Constructing a Steel Building
Using steel buildings for offices, retail stores, sports complexes, parking garages and storage facilities is becoming the norm for many construction firms and property companies. The benefits of metal buildings are varied, ranging from environmental to financial. For the most part, steel buildings can be classified as either as a Quonset Hut, I-beam, or steel-wood hybrid type of structure.
The Quonset Hut was developed by the U.S. Navy at their base in Quonset Point, Rhode Island, in response to the demand for an all-purpose, lightweight building that could be easily shipped and assembled by general laborers. The Quonset Hut is composed of a series of self-supporting steel arches, and require no further support structures like columns or beams. The building is completely self-supporting and the sheeting that is laid across the outside of the structure is basically the building. The Quonset Hut is the prototypical “metal barn” look type of metal building. Quonset Huts are often a preferred choice of metal building in remote locations, as they are easily transported and assembled. It is the most cost-effective type of metal building, as it is durable, and can be expanded by adding more section to one of its ends as needs dictate. Some noted disadvantages of this design are that insulating costs can be high, and door placement is usually limited to one of the two flat ends.
Steel i-beam buildings are the most common type of metal building. Most people have seen one of these buildings in their construction, their steel skeletons visible as they grow upward. I-beams take their name from their shape, which resembles a capital "I". They are an efficient form of beam, as the vertical "web" element is resistant to shear forces, while the horizontal "flanges" resist bending. Trusses are assembled from I-beams and then raised into position before being bolted to the building's foundation. Advantages of i-beam metal buildings are that they can be built relatively quickly, and are largely unlimited when it comes to width, allowing for large steel buildings up to hundreds of feet wide. An i-beam style steel building can run into problems with interior condensation, and the choice of building shape is often limited to a simple box. A crane or other heavy equipment is usually required to get a steel i-beam building upright.
The third type of metal building is a hybrid steel/wood combination. Trusses are used similarly to i-beam steel buildings, and bolted in place the same way, but wood is also used horizontally in between the trusses. The wooden “purlins” and “girts” are attached with clips to the steel trusses after they have been erected and bolted in place in the concrete. Sheeting is fastened to the wood with screws to create the outside of a hybrid metal building. Hybrid style future steel buildings are ideal if you plan to do any interior finishing, and you can use a variety of external finishes, including wood siding, vinyl siding, stucco or brick. You can also use traditional shingles instead of steel on the roof. A couple disadvantages to a hybrid metal building is that it may be more costly when erecting a smaller building this way, and a higher roof pitch can add to heating costs.
Which type of future steel buildings are right for your project? Ultimately, that depends on your needs. Whether you need maximum interior space, minimal construction costs, or attractive aesthetics, there is likely a steel building that meets your demands.
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